Pacemakers and defibrillators have a growing use in pediatrics and in patients with congenital heart disease, but they present unique problems and implications for their implantation and follow-up.

Here are five things to know. 1. For the study, research exposed 119 people with pacemakers to electric and magnetic fields with frequencies of 50 to 60 hertz — similar to levels used by power grids.

There are unique technical issues that must be considered with the implantation of devices in small patients and those with CHD. Although most centers report low complication rates of complications in ...