Bipolar stepper motors are used in many applications, from driving paper through a printer to moving an XY stage in industrial equipment. Typically, the motors are driven and controlled by inexpensive ...

Motors and their associated equipment must be protected against both overload and overcurrent (short circuit or ground fault). This function is usually split, with ...

Systems that have controlled parameters and closed-loop feedback mechanisms are generally more robust and less susceptible to failure. For example, vehicle engines regularly use temperature sensors ...

Here is a simple method for estimating the actual load on an electric motor without special equipment. But first, a word of caution: Some applications (e.g., a large forced draft fan) require more ...

The goal of an effective motor overload protection scheme is to protect the motor from damage while allowing it to operate normally up to its thermal limit. Ideally such a scheme would be based on a ...

DC motors come in many forms, but they all have the same job: turning electrical energy (DC) into mechanical energy. Although DC motors have a common operating principle, many applications—including ...

Brushless dc motors have the advantages of high reliability and smaller size, but the absence of brushes can pose challenges. One challenge is the requirement for electronic commutation and control, ...

It’s impossible to balance line-to-line voltages perfectly in three-phase circuits, so they typically differ by a few volts or more. However, if voltage unbalance exceeds 1%, it can markedly decrease ...