The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

In some applications, a linear amplifier is required which has different gains with regard to the polarity of the input signal. Figure 1 shows an inverting amplifier which is linear within the second ...

Many applications require a sampling circuit whose output is inverted with regard to the respective sample of an input signal. A simple approach is a cascade of a common noninverting sample-and-hold ...

If you’ve ever wondered why an op amp has the little plus and minus symbols on it, its because at the heart of it, the device is a differential amplifier. The problem is that — ideally, at least — it ...

Any typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions implementation. Naturally, CMOS always ought to provide INVERTED outputs like ...